Wer datete Hernán Cortés?

Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, seit 1529 1. Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca – der Vorname wird mitunter mit Hernando oder Fernando angegeben, der Nachname auch mit Cortez wiedergegeben – (* 1485 in Medellín; † 2. Dezember 1547 in Castilleja de la Cuesta) war ein spanischer Konquistador. Mit Hilfe seiner indianischen Verbündeten eroberte er das Aztekenreich und dessen Hauptstadt Tenochtitlan. In den Jahren von 1521 bis 1530 war Hernán Cortés Generalgouverneur von Neuspanien.

Marina ([maˈɾina]) or Malintzin ([maˈlintsin]; c. 1500 – c. 1529), more popularly known as La Malinche ([la maˈlintʃe]), was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who became known for contributing to the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–1521), by acting as an interpreter, advisor, and intermediary for the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. She was one of 20 enslaved women given to the Spaniards in 1519 by the natives of Tabasco. Cortés chose her as a consort, and she later gave birth to their first son, Martín – one of the first Mestizos (people of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry) in New Spain.

La Malinche's reputation has shifted over the centuries, as various peoples evaluate her role against their own societies' changing social and political perspectives. While most historians emphasize her importance to the conquest of the Aztec Empire, recognizing her multilingual abilities (she spoke both Nahuatl and Maya), they disagree on the reasons why La Malinche assisted the Spanish. After the Mexican War of Independence, which led to Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821, dramas, novels, and paintings portrayed her as an evil or scheming temptress. In Mexico today, La Malinche remains a powerful icon – understood in various and often conflicting aspects as the embodiment of treachery, the quintessential victim, or the symbolic mother of the new Mexican people. The term malinchista refers to a disloyal compatriot, especially in Mexico.

Doña Isabel Moctezuma (born Tecuichpoch Ichcaxochitzin; 1509/1510 – 1550/1551) was a daughter of the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II. She was the consort of Atlixcatzin, a tlacateccatl, and of the Aztec emperors Cuitlahuac and Cuauhtemoc and as such the last Aztec empress. After the Spanish conquest, Doña Isabel was recognized as Moctezuma's legitimate heir, and became one of the Indigenous Mexicans granted an encomienda. Among the others were her half-sister Marina (or Leonor) Moctezuma, and Juan Sánchez, an Indian governor in Oaxaca.

Isabel was married to one tlacateccatl, two Aztec emperors and three Spaniards, and widowed five times. She had a daughter out of wedlock whom she refused to recognize, Leonor Cortés Moctezuma, with conquistador Hernán Cortés. Her sons founded a line of Spanish nobility. The title of Duke of Moctezuma de Tultengo descends from her brother, and still exists.