Wer datete Múcia Tércia?

Múcia Tércia (em latim Mucia Tertia) foi uma matrona romana que viveu no século I a.C. Era filha de Quinto Múcio Cévola, pontífice máximo (pontifex maximus),^{[carece de fontes?]} assassinado pela facção de Caio Mário em 86 a.C., e de Licínia Crassa, que se divorciou do seu pai para se casar com Quinto Cecílio Metelo Nepos, num escândalo mencionado em várias fontes. O seu nome indica que era uma terceira filha, de acordo com a convenção romana de nomes.

O primeiro marido de Múcia Tércia foi Caio Mário, o Jovem, cônsul em 82 a.C. no pico da guerra civil contra os Optimates liderados por Lúcio Cornélio Sula. Pouco depois, o conflito acabou com o suicídio do jovem Mário e com a vitória de Sulla. Múcia, como viúva de um proscrito, ficou proibida de voltar a casar. No entanto, em 81 a.C., Sula mudou de ideias e patrocinou o seu casamento com Pompeu. Desta união nasceram três crianças: Pompeu, o Jovem,^{[carece de fontes?]} Sexto Pompeu e Pompéia Magna (que casou-se com Fausto Cornélio Sula).

Entre 76 e 61 a.C., Pompeu passou muito tempo fora de Roma, combatendo os piratas do Mediterrâneo, a rebelião de Sertório na Hispânia e o rei Mitrídates VI do Ponto. Quando regressou definitivamente a casa, enviou uma carta de divórcio a Mucia Tertia; Plutarco menciona uma correspondência pessoal de Cícero que teria o motivo desta separação. Múcia Tércia desaparece então das fontes e a data da sua morte é incerta. Muitas fontes afirmam que Júlio César era amante de Múcia, e, portanto, o pivô dessa separação.

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war. He subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. Caesar played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate, an informal political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass political power were opposed by many in the Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the private support of Cicero. Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a string of military victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, which greatly extended Roman territory. During this time, he both invaded Britain and built a bridge across the river Rhine. These achievements and the support of his veteran army threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey. The alliance between Caesar and Pompey slowly broke down and, by 50 BC, Pompey had realigned himself with the Senate. With his command expiring and the Gallic Wars largely concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. In early January 49 BC, Caesar openly defied the Senate by crossing the Rubicon and marching towards Rome at the head of an army. This began Caesar's civil war, which he won, leaving him in a position of near-unchallenged power and influence in 45 BC.

After assuming control of government and pardoning many of his enemies, Caesar set upon a vigorous reform and building programme. He created the Julian calendar to replace the republican lunisolar calendar, reduced the size of the grain dole, settled his veterans in new overseas colonies, greatly increased the size of the Senate, and extended citizenship to communities in Spain and what is now northern Italy. In early 44 BC, he was proclaimed "dictator for life" (dictator perpetuo). Fearful of his power, domination of the state, and the possibility that he might make himself king, a group of senators led by Brutus and Cassius assassinated Caesar on the Ides of March (15 March) 44 BC. A new series of civil wars broke out and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored. Caesar's great-nephew and adoptive heir Octavian, later known as Augustus, rose to sole power after defeating his opponents thirteen years later. Octavian then set about solidifying his power, transforming the Republic into the Roman Empire.

Caesar was an accomplished author and historian; much of his life is known from his own accounts of his military campaigns. Other contemporary sources include the letters and speeches of Cicero and the historical writings of Sallust. Later biographies of Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch are also important sources. Caesar is considered by many historians to be one of the greatest military commanders in history. His cognomen was subsequently adopted as a synonym for "emperor"; the title "Caesar" was used throughout the Roman Empire, and gave rise to modern descendants such as Kaiser and Tsar. He has frequently appeared in literary and artistic works.